There are two different theories about how the core makes the energy for the magnetic fields that we have.
1.) The dynamo theory: This is the theory that the core makes the magnetic fields that we have by the cores outer fluids, temperature of the core and the rotation of the earth mixing together charging electrical currents, which forms our magnetic fields. This theory like the Raid Decay theory theory believes that the cores magnetic field will change its direction over time, which will weekin the magnetic field but the dynamo theory believes it differently. they believe that the earths magnetic direction will happen slowly because it takes time for the temperature difference in the core to change the rotation of the cores outer fluids. There estimation of the magnetic change is in 2000 years, but in 1989 scientists have found evidence that the earth has changed its direction in 15 days the very opposite of how long there time range is.
2.) The rapid decay theory: This is the theory that the cores electrical currents are a result of its creation . It is actually possible to calculate the amount of energy in the core with this theory. As a result that electrical current would slow down over time due to its creation. Studies have shown that over time the cores energy has decreased by five percent each century. This would be true because matter resists all electrical flow, which would slow down the electrical currents of of the core . Another thing is that would prove that the magnetic field is decreasing is that scientists have found that the earth has turned around in the direction of its circular motion. This means that the earths magnetic field has pointed somewhere in the opposite direction of were of were the magnetic field is now. You may be wondering how do we know this. There are certain materials in the crust that have a magnetic pull toward the magnetic field like a compass. And the natural magnetic rocks that are in the crust are pointing in the opposite direction. That means that the earths rotation has changed. This theory also has correctly calculated the magnetic field of every planet that has one. For example the dynamo theory says that mars has a magnetic field, but the rapid decay theory says that mars had one but not any more.Another thing was that the rapid decay theory along with the dynamo theory all had an estimations of the magnetic field of each planet that the Voyager traveled to. The dynamo theory was off by a factor of 100,000.
I think that the rapid decay theory is the theory to place your money on because look at all the evidence that it has given us. There's just no scientific way you can back up the dynamo theory. They have no proof to back there theory up and it never has given us any calculations of the magnetic fields on other planets unlike the Rapid Decay theory.
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